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Giovanni da Pian del Carpine
Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, variously rendered in English as ''John of Pian de Carpine'', ''John of Plano Carpini'' or ''Joannes de Plano'' (''ca'' 1185〔"um 1185" in (''Mittelalter Lexikon'': "Johannes de Piano Carpini" ).〕 – August 1, 1252) was one of the first Europeans to enter the court of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. He is the author of the earliest important Western account of northern and central Asia, Rus, and other regions of the Mongol dominion. He was the Primate of Serbia, based in Antivari, from 1247 to 1252.
==Life before the journey==
Giovanni (in Latin, Joannes) appears to have been a native of Umbria, in central Italy, where a place formerly called Pian del Carpine, ("Hornbeam Flat") but now Magione, stands near Perugia, on the road to Cortona. He was one of the companions and disciples of his near-contemporary and countryman Saint Francis of Assisi. Joannes bore a high repute in the Franciscan order, and took a foremost part in the propagation of its teaching in northern Europe, holding successively the offices of warden (''custos'') in Saxony, and of provincial (''minister'') of Germany, and afterwards of Spain, perhaps of Barbary, and of Cologne.
He was in the last post at the time of the great Mongol invasion of eastern Europe and of the disastrous Battle of Legnica (9 April 1241), which threatened to cast European Christendom under the leadership of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, Ögedei Khan. Western dread of the Tatars was still on people's mind four years later, when Pope Innocent IV dispatched the first formal Catholic mission to the Mongols, partly to protest against the latter's invasion of Christian lands, partly to gain trustworthy information regarding Mongol armies and their purposes. Behind these there may have lurked the beginnings of a policy much developed later—of opening diplomatic intercourse with a power whose alliance might be valuable against Islam.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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